Primary source
Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 43a
Later Jewish polemical memory of Jesus’ execution.
- Publisher
- Sefaria
- Tradition
- Jewish rabbinic literature
- Accessed
- 2026-06-16
Where this source is used
- Jesus was not crucifiedJesus' crucifixion is recorded within years by his followers and later by hostile Roman and Jewish writers; no historical record before the Qur'an says otherwise.
- The crucifixion of JesusPaul's early sources, the movement's beginnings in Jerusalem, hostile Roman and Jewish writers, and the embarrassment of a crucified Messiah all point to a real execution under Pilate.